Somalia Parliament approves new constitution in historic vote

Somalia parliament on Wednesday approved a long-awaited new Constitution in a joint sitting of the two Houses, marking what leaders described as a decisive step toward stability, institutional reform and national unity.

The vote brought together members of the House of the People and the Upper House, with 186 lawmakers from the lower chamber and 37 senators backing the supreme law, according to Speaker Sheikh Aden Mohamed Nur, also known as Aden Madobe.

Justice and Constitutional Affairs Minister Hassan Moalim hailed the development as the culmination of years of negotiation and consultation among political stakeholders.

“This Constitution did not come easily. It has taken time, resources and unwavering commitment from all stakeholders to craft a document that reflects the aspirations of the Somali people. Today, we lay the foundation for a just, secure and prosperous Somalia,” Moalim said.

The approval sets the stage for implementing a governance framework aimed at strengthening democratic institutions and clarifying federal structures.

Somalia has faced decades of political fragmentation, insecurity and protracted conflict since the collapse of central authority in 1991. Successive administrations have worked to rebuild institutions under transitional arrangements.

Lawmakers said the newly adopted charter is expected to provide legal certainty and reinforce checks and balances across government, as the country seeks to consolidate gains made in stabilisation efforts.

Strengthening separation of powers

At the core of the Constitution is a clearly defined separation of powers between the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary.

The document entrenches mechanisms intended to enhance accountability in public service and safeguard against abuse of office. A more independent judiciary is expected to play a central role in rebuilding public confidence and resolving disputes through lawful channels.

Under the framework, members of parliament will be elected directly by citizens. The President will be elected by parliament and limited to a maximum of two five-year terms.

The Prime Minister, appointed by the President, may be removed by parliament, strengthening legislative oversight of the Executive.

To promote integrity at the highest levels of government, the President, Prime Minister, the two Speakers of parliament and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court are barred from holding dual citizenship. They are also required to declare their assets to the Auditor General upon assuming office.

The Constitution further defines the relationship between the Federal Government in Mogadishu and regional member states, outlining powers and responsibilities to reduce jurisdictional disputes that have historically hampered governance and security coordination.

Policy analyst Zachary Masinde described the vote as transformative, saying a clear constitutional framework offers an opportunity to strengthen institutions and break cycles of instability.

With parliamentary approval secured, attention now shifts to implementation as authorities begin translating constitutional provisions into reforms aimed at consolidating peace and strengthening governance nationwide.

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